Professional and Linguistic Assessments Board (PLAB) Practice Exam

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Which of the following is NOT typically associated with an infection caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae?

Pneumonia
Sinusitis
Pharyngitis
Meningitis

The correct answer is: Pharyngitis

Streptococcus pneumoniae is a significant pathogen known for causing various infections, and each of the aforementioned conditions can be related to it. Pneumonia is one of the most common infections caused by this bacterium and can lead to severe respiratory illness characterized by fever, cough, and difficulty breathing. Sinusitis is another condition frequently seen with S. pneumoniae involvement, particularly in cases of acute bacterial sinusitis where it may be one of the leading causes. Meningitis is a more severe illness where Streptococcus pneumoniae is recognized as a leading cause of bacterial meningitis in adults and children, often resulting in substantial morbidity and mortality if not treated promptly. Pharyngitis, while commonly caused by streptococcal bacteria, is primarily associated with Group A Streptococcus (Streptococcus pyogenes) rather than Streptococcus pneumoniae. Therefore, it is not typical for infections caused by S. pneumoniae to present as pharyngitis, making this condition the one that does not align with the infection profile of this particular pathogen.