Professional and Linguistic Assessments Board (PLAB) Practice Exam

What condition might an obese young female with headaches and blurred vision be suffering from?

1. Idiopathic intercranial hypertension

2. Intracranial hemorrhage

3. Papilledema

4. Benign intracranial hypertension

The correct answer is: Idiopathic intercranial hypertension

Idiopathic intracranial hypertension is a condition characterized by increased intracranial pressure without an identifiable cause. It is often seen in obese young women, making this demographic particularly at risk. The symptoms commonly associated with this condition include headaches, which can be severe and pulsating in nature, and vision disturbances such as blurred vision. This condition occurs due to elevated cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure, leading to changes in the optic nerve and, if left untreated, can cause permanent vision loss. The obesity factor is crucial here, as excess weight is linked to metabolic changes that can elevate the levels of CSF production and reduce its absorption, contributing to increased intracranial pressure. Other options would not be as relevant given the specifics of the case. For instance, while intracranial hemorrhage could cause similar symptoms, it is usually associated with a more acute presentation and often follows trauma or significant vascular events, which does not align with this patient's profile. Papilledema refers specifically to the swelling of the optic disc due to increased intracranial pressure, but it is a sign rather than a diagnosis of the underlying condition. Benign intracranial hypertension, although similar in nature, is often considered a less pertinent term in current medical terminology